What are potential biological effects of radiation exposure?

Biological effects of radiation exposure primarily relate to the potential for cellular damage, which can lead to mutations and a range of health issues. When living tissues are exposed to ionizing radiation, the energy from the radiation can interact with cellular components causing direct or indirect damage to DNA. This can result in cellular mutations, which may disrupt normal cellular functions and lead to various health problems, including cancer. Therefore, understanding the significance of radiation exposure is crucial for ensuring safety in environments where radiation is used, like dental and medical settings.

The other options, while positive effects that could be associated with various medical treatments or conditions, do not accurately reflect the consequences of radiation exposure. Enhancing the immune response, tissue regeneration, or increasing bone density are not typical biological effects tied to exposure to radiation; rather, they could lead to adverse outcomes such as weakened immune systems, impaired healing, or other health risks. Thus, option B accurately describes the potential negative biological responses to radiation.